The China International Medical Equipment Fair (CMEF) ended on 17 May in Shanghai. The three-day

The China International Medical Equipment Fair (CMEF) ended on 17 May in Shanghai. The three-day

Pregnancy tests work by checking your urine (pee) for a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Your body only makes this hormone if you’re pregnant. HCG is released when a fertilized egg attaches to the lining of your uterus — when pregnancy begins. If your pregnancy test results are positive, it means you're pregnant. If they’re negative, it means you’re not pregnant.Pregnancy tests are most accurate when you take them after you’ve already missed your period.A pregnancy test will be less accurate if it’s expired or if you don’t use it the right way. So always check the expiration date on the package, and carefully read the directions that come with your pregnancy test.

Pregnancy tests look for a special hormone —human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) — that only develops in a person’s body during pregnancy. These tests can use either your pee or blood to look for HCG. At-home pregnancy tests that use your pee are the most common type. When used correctly, home pregnancy tests are 99% accurate.ContentsOverviewTest DetailsResults and Follow-UpAdditional Details

If you’re wondering if you’re pregnant, you need an answer. Immediately. However, that’s not necessarily possible if you want the most accurate results.How soon can you take a pregnancy test after sex? The answer may surprise you.“Many women panic when they realize they’ve missed a birth control pill or they’ve missed a period,” said Dr. Hardison. “We want you to know that we can help guide you through this process in a way that ensures you’re getting the most accurate results.”

misunderstand the test kit, you may get poor results.Most pregnancy tests have about the same ability to detect hCG, but their ability to show whether or not you are pregnant depends on how much hCG you are producing. If you test too early in your cycle or too close to the time you became pregnant, your placenta may not have had enough time to produce hCG. This would mean that you are pregnant but you got a negative test result.Because many women have irregular periods, and women may miscalculate when their period is due, 10 to 20 pregnant women out of every 100 will not detect their pregnancy on the first day of their missed period.

Brandi Jones has over two decades of experience as a nurse in an acute care setting. Her clinical background includes pediatrics, medical-surgical, and women's health. She also specializes in professional staff development.HEALTH'S EDITORIAL GUIDELINESIf you've recently had unprotected sex, it's common to wonder when you should test for pregnancy. The short answer: home pregnancy tests are most accurate when you take them after your period is late. Generally, you can take early-detection pregnancy tests eight days after conception. However, experts suggest that you'll get your most accurate test results when you take a test 10 to 14 days after unprotected sex.1 Pregnancy tests work by detecting the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)—a hormone that people with female reproductive systems produce after conception and implantation.2 It can take up to two weeks after unprotected sex for your body to produce enough hCG for the test to detect the hormone properly.3 

If you find out you're pregnant, you may feel happy and excited, or shocked, worried and upset.Talk to your GP, midwife or talk to a health professional if you feel anxious. They can help you to understand what is happening to your body, or can give you advice if you don't want to continue with your pregnancy.If you are pleased to be pregnant then you can start receiving antenatal support from your local midwifery service. Your midwife will help to ensure that you and your baby stay healthy during pregnancy, and can answer any questions you have.If you are not pleased to be pregnant then finding out early gives you more time to consider your choices.

It is crucial to determine if you are pregnant as soon as medically possible, especially after having unprotected sex. Unprotected intercourse, or sex without a condom, refers to sexual activity in which there is no barrier method used to prevent pregnancy.The timing of a pregnancy test is crucial, and it’s important to know when to take one. If you think you might be pregnant, it’s recommended to take a pregnancy test at least two weeks after unprotected sex or the date of your expected period.

The best time to take a pregnancy test following unprotected sex is after the first day of your missed period.You can take some early pregnancy tests as soon as eight days after having unprotected intercourse, but the results may not be accurate.Pregnancy tests can sometimes provide false negative or false positive results.For the most accurate pregnancy test results, test your urine first thing in the morning and try to avoid drinking a lot of water.If you have a positive pregnancy test result, make an appointment with your doctor immediately.As hard as it may be, you may have to wait to take a pregnancy test if you want it to be accurate. The best time to take a pregnancy test is around the time of your missed period, which will vary depending on the length of your menstrual cycle.

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The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (commonly known as the novel coronavirus), has caused a huge spike in demand for sampling swabs. While there have been swab shortages to fill the urgent need of COVID-19 testing, care still needs to be taken to qualify and source the best swab for the type of sampling that is required.

This study investigates the quantitative bacterial recovery of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nasal screenings by utilizing dry or moistened swabs within an in vivo and an in vitro experimental setting. 135 nasal MRSA carriers were each swabbed in one nostril with a dry and in the other one with a moistened rayon swab. Quantitative bacterial recovery was measured by standard viable count techniques. Furthermore, an anatomically correct artificial nose model was inoculated with a numerically defined suspension of MRSA and swabbed with dry and moistened rayon, polyurethane-foam and nylon-flocked swabs to test these different settings and swab-materials under identical laboratory conditions. In vivo, quantities of MRSA per nostril in carriers varied between 107 colony forming units, with a median of 2.15x104 CFU. However, no statistically significant differences could be detected for the recovery of MRSA quantities when swabbing nasal carriers with moist or dry rayon swabs. In vitro testing confirmed the in vivo data for swabs with rayon, polyurethane and nylon-flocked tips, since pre-moistening of swabs did not significantly affect the quantities of retrieved bacteria. Therefore, pre-moistening of swabs prior to nasal MRSA sampling provides no advantage in terms of recovering greater bacterial quantities and therefore can be omitted. In addition, this situation can be mimicked in an in vitro model, thereby providing a useful basis for future in vitro testings of new swab types or target organisms for screening approaches.

The 3D printing of nasopharyngeal swabs during the COVID-19 pandemic presents a central case of how to efficiently address a break in the global supply chain of medical equipment. Herein a comprehensive study of swab design considerations for mass production by stereolithography is presented. The retention and comfort performance of a range of novel designs of 3D-printed swabs are compared with the standard flocked-head swab used in clinical environments. Sample retention of the 3D swab is governed by the volume, porosity density, and void fraction of the head as well as by the pore geometry. 3D-printed swabs outperform conventional flock-head swabs in terms of sample retention. It is argued that mechanically functional designs of the swab head, such as corkscrew-shaped heads and negative Poisson ratio heads, maximize sample retention and improve patient comfort. In addition, available designs of swab shafts for an optimized sample collection procedure are characterized. The study is conducted in vitro, using artificial mucus, covering the full range of human mucus viscosities in a 3D-printed model of a nasal cavity. The work sets the path for the resilient supply of widespread sterile testing equipment as a rapid response to the current and future pandemics.

Not all swabs are created equal. Take, for instance, Puritan’s HydraFlock® and PurFlock Ultra® nasopharyngeal swabs, which are both included in the FDA's preferred swab-based types for viral specimen collection, including COVID-19 testing.Puritan is the only U.S. manufacturer of this swab type. Unlike an ordinary cotton swab, it’s actually a highly sophisticated diagnostic tool. In fact, it’s regulated, patented, and specialized. This also means these swabs aren’t easy to manufacture on the fly. In this article, we explore some of the characteristics that make these two styles of flock nasopharyngeal swabs ideal for viral testing. In other words, they're not your typical drugstore cotton swab. 

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